Calories in 2 Oz Cooked Drained Ground Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special furnishings and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving picture characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th ceremony of the picture show, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved pic a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Picture
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of Fifty. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a office in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton chosen her agent to enquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for beingness besides scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Wait Was More than Motion-picture show Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, simply that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was immature at the fourth dimension, the 16-year-former Garland had to wear a corset-like device and so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart motility.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great movie tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies in a higher place the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings squad spread black ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — Due west W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
I of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'due south quest to come across the Wonderful Magician of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology's really 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood'south preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the stop, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man'south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin can Homo's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup experience was improve than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the moving-picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'southward face that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a flare-up of flames and carmine smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the showtime take, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor too early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source fabric — accept certainly been a source of terror for generations. Most every bit scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downwards on homo marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safety monkeys to help populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Floor
To no ane'southward surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #ane on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Just what may surprise yous? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was near cut from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south bawling reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Homo Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residual Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later on, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Can Homo, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character'due south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), just didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final picture show, his vocals tin can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special furnishings that really concord up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular grapheme in Walt Disney'south Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to brand roughly $8 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the pic's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'southward King of beasts Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title menu — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit fabricated from real king of beasts pare. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's almost $l one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 million at the box office — almost $51.8 1000000 by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's pocket-sized success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Also"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep later studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'due south feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the motion-picture show revolutionize the blitheness manufacture, it besides reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwards Snow White — then the nearly successful picture show of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Simply Had a Eye," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art one thousand Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in almost ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting in that location several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota'due south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Simply One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Still, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture show is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A 2nd Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most honey dogs in motion-picture show history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and can frequently be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After i of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine histrion more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to prefer the canis familiaris.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton likewise believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years afterwards the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, only she was too a lamentable, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's grapheme.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were just every bit amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient detail…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motility rapidly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweetness treat. Simply the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued railroad vehicle was in one case endemic past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald Urban center to the Witch's flying monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy moving-picture show. To keep upwards with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since near of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before v:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill up the Film
The motion-picture show is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of beingness responsible for some of the about quoted lines in picture show history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Flick Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'southward lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I accept a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the film is incredible. Like the "horse of a dissimilar color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl's anxiety. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand information technology wait more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and role problem-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set upwards to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterward the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would expect all-time on pic, especially in colorized form. For example, the white function of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply because it filmed ameliorate. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West'due south beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like goose egg by today'south Marvel moving-picture show standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the motion-picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterward, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance as well frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'southward nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the pic'southward starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the set up described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," equally opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was information technology a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a flake of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the movie turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the film'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History'southward Most-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other picture released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box function. (You may take heard of that fiddling motion picture — it'due south called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more than staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The movie was first circulate on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It'due south believed that The Magician of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual tv screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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